Rigorous peer-review process ensuring high-quality empirical and theoretical contributions in STEM education.
Research Focus
Publishing innovative research in Science, Technology, and Mathematics Education annually.
Expert Community
Supported by a diverse community of expert reviewers and researchers in STEM education.
WATARI Journal is committed to advancing STEM education through the publication of high-quality research. We welcome original research, reviews, and case studies that contribute to the understanding and improvement of educational practices.
Latest Issue — Vol. 9 (2025)
Editorial Notes
19
Education10 min
IN-VITRO PROPAGATION OF TOMATOES UNDER ASEPTIC CONDITION
Umma Mohammad and Aminu AdamuOct 2025
In this study the major focus was to regenerate and produce multiples of Tomato (solanum lypersicon), with other desirable traits; in the absence of seed. The apical Meristem of tomato seedling was used as ex-plants for in vitro callogenesis. The ex-plants were washed with distilled water and sterilized by treating with 70% ethanol for 2 minutes and 20% of sodium hypochlorite for 20 minutes, ex-plants were thereafter washed 3 times with distilled water and then sterilized ex-plants were placed on MS medium modified with 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0 mg/L 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) and incubated in the dark for callus induction and regeneration. The effect of different concentration of 2, 4-D on the callus induction from apical Meristem of tomatoes was evaluated under in vitro condition, 3.0,3.5,4.0,4.5,5.0mg/L 2, 4-D and were tested. The best optimum number of callus induction was MS medium supplemented with 4.5mg/L 2,4-D with an average percentage callus induction of (95.8%) and degree of callus growth (XXX) followed by MS medium supplemented with 4.0mg/L 2,4-D with an average percentage callus induction of (70.8%) and degree of callus growth (XX). The least was MS medium supplemented with 3.5mg/L 2, 4-D with an average percentage of callus induction of (56.8%) and degree of callus growth (XX). From the best optimum number of callus induction on MS medium supplemented with 4.5mg/L 2,4-D, the percentage of callus formation in each bottle was sub-cultured on fresh MS medium having concentrations of Zeatin (1mg/L) and 2,4-D (1mg/L) for regeneration. They showed average percentages of regeneration of 62.2% . Negative factors were eliminated.
TEACHING MATHEMATICS WITH THE AID OF AN AI CHATBOT FOR IMPROVING MATHEMATICAL THINKING SKILLS IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN GOMBE STATE
Hassan MuhammadOct 2025
ABSTRACT
The researcher in this study analyses AI chatbots in order to facilitate the mathematical thinking capacity of tertiary students at Gombe State, Nigeria, which has low resources and a large number of students, in a region with limited resources. It was primarily aimed at identifying whether AI chatbots can help to improve problem-solving skills and develop interest in mathematics under problematic conditions. The quasi-experimental study design was deemed to have two groups, i.e. one treatment group (TE), which involved the use of AI chatbots, and another control group (CO), which involved the use of the traditional instruction. The data collection methods in the measurement of the performance and engagement were pre-test and post-test, student questionnaires, and system logs. The findings show that AI chatbots were more effective in enhancing the problem-solving capabilities and reasoning among the students, and this implies that AI-based personalized learning can lead to the high level of improvement in the area of mathematics. The article demonstrates the potentials of the AI chatbots to eliminate inequality in education particularly when such resources are limited and defines their capability to provide personalized learning in mass scale.
IMPROVING INTERNAL QUALITY ASSURANCE MECHANISM IN COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION IN NIGERIA: CHALLENGES AND THE WAY FORWARD
EzeOct 2025
Abstract
The Nigeria educational system is faced with the challenge of repositioning her educational system to meet the national and international expectations. This call for functional mechanism to ensure those standards and monitor performance at all levels of education in Nigeria. The paper therefore examined the need for improving internal quality assurance mechanism in computer education programme. The paper also examined the concept of quality assurance, parameters for measuring quality assurance, challenges facing quality assurance and strategies that can be adopted to assure quality. The paper recommended among other things: need for Supervision of instruction and teaching effectiveness, need for government to institute a periodic workshops and conferences where experience professionals are invited to talk to education undergraduates, the need for qualified and experienced teachers, qualified students and finally the need for curriculum review from time to time so as to make it relevant to present day needs. The paper concludes that quality assurance is a continuous phenomenon and should be observed always.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PHOSPHATE APPLICATION ON GROWTH OF SOME COWPEA VARIETIES (VIGNA UNGUICULATA L. WALP) IN MINJIBIR, KANO STATE, NIGERIA
Umma Mohammad & Mujittapha LawanOct 2025
Abstract
Phosphorus is important for cowpea production in many tropical African soils with inherent low phosphorus. Most farmers in Africa, however, do not have access to phosphorus fertilizer. Selection of cowpea variety that can produce good yield under low soil phosphorus or those with high phosphorus use efficiency can be a low input approach to solving this problem. In order to examine the possibility of the problem identified above, field experiment was conducted at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kano station farm located at Minjibir Local Government. The study aimed at assessing the differential phosphorus response of cowpea varieties that are tolerant to low phosphorus: IT97K-819-118, IT98K-205-8, IT97K-499-35 and IT99K-573-1-1. The study found that IT99K-573-1-1 gives the highest yield without phosphorus, followed by the IT97K-499-35, IT98K-205-8 and lastly IT97K-819-118. This concludes that there are varieties that can be carefully selected to mitigate unavailability of phosphorous fertilizer to farmers who wish to produce cowpea. The study, recommends that these potential varieties should be tested at multiple sites under various soil phosphorus condition to confirm the result.
STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVING QUALITY ASSURANCE MECHANISM IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS (STEM) EDUCATION IN NIGERIA
ANWOOct 2025
Abstract,
The widespread recognition of education as a major driver of economic competitiveness in an increasingly knowledge-driven global economy has made high quality education more important than ever before. This emphasize the importance of ensuring quality assurance in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education for sustainable development through quality education. Thus, this paper delves into the meaning and importance of STEM education, achieving quality education through STEM Education, parameters for measuring quality assurance in STEM Education, challenges of quality assurance in STEM education as well as strategies for improving quality assurance mechanism in STEM education. The paper concludes that the importance of STEM education in providing quality education cannot be overemphasized and ensuring quality assurance in STEM education should be paramount to stakeholders in the field of education. Regular inspection of schools from the science section of the Ministries of Education, setting up of quality assurance implementation committees as well as encouraging STEM teachers to attend in-service trainings such as sandwich and part-time training through government sponsorship were recommended.
INTERNAL QUALITY ASSURANCE PRACTICE IN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES
Dr Auwalu HarunaOct 2025
Abstract
“No educational system can rise above the quality of its teachers” (NPE, 2013) this notion of the National Policy on Education signifies the need for highly qualified and competent teachers that will effectively manage our schools and cascade quality education to the younger generation in our society. Colleges of education as teacher training institutions where minimum teaching qualification (NCE) is acquired are expected to practice internal quality assurance in their respective institutions with the view of providing enabling environment for teaching and learning through regular monitoring and internal assessment by authorised reputable individuals. This paper discusses the concepts of quality assurance, the nexus between internal and external quality assurance; the prospects of internal quality assurance in Colleges of education were highlighted which include; ensuring quality of teaching and learning, ensuring the quality of assessment judgments by checkmating the quality of continuous assessments and examinations questions as well as conducting self-assessment to identify the challenges and existing gaps in the Colleges. The challenges in practicing internal quality assurance in Colleges of education were also highlighted. The paper concludes that internal quality assurance is a new mechanism in Colleges of education that enable the institutions to identify their shortcomings and make up by conducting so many activities. Recommendations on how to address the challenges facing the Colleges and quality assurance Directorates in ensuring quality delivery for the benefit of all were also proffered.
